Recently it seems that every politician and his dog has jumped on the 'green issues' band wagon. Often these noises are designed to catch favourable headlines rather than bring about a change in our domestic energy consumption. The truth is that despite improvements in the building regulations relating to the energy efficiency of new builds, the vast majority of the UK housing stock remains massively inefficient.
The concept of energy conservation first emerged as a significant factor in UK as a result of the OPEC oil crisis in the 70's and not as a result of the concerns some scientists were having about our environmental impact on the planet. The crisis began when the OPEC members decided that they would no longer export oil to nations that had supported Israel in its conflict with Syria and Egypt. This included the United States, its Western European allies, and Japan. The continued restriction of supply led to the price of oil rocketing, and national governments had to look for ways to reduce their energy consumption. In Britain this meant tightening the Building Regulations that applied to the energy efficiency of houses. At first fairly low levels of insulation where required to be installed as standard in all new properties. This has gradually increased over the last few decades and has dramatically changed the efficiency of newly built properties. Whilst Victorian properties have may have many aesthetic advantages (lime plaster, old brickwork, original sash windows and seasoned timber) modern houses are undoubtedly much warmer.
Despite the higher efficiency standards for new build houses and the rising price of fuel, our level of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions have continued to rise. The Department of Trade and Industry estimated that in 2004 over 30% of all energy use in the UK was spent on housing and the Building Research Establishment estimates that over 60% of that was spent on central (space) heating alone. Clearly, heating our homes represents a large proportion of our energy use and that is why governments have sought to target not just improvements in new builds but to upgrade the existing housing stock.
The Energy Performance Certificate is designed to give house buyers and sellers a measure of their properties energy use by rating it in terms of its energy efficiency per m2. "Even now, over 75% of cavity walls remain uninsulated, more than 60% of loft spaces have less than 100mm of loft insulation and many heating systems remain poorly controlled" - National Home Energy Rating (NHER). The fact is that governments are unable to force homeowners to improve the energy efficiency of their properties. Their theory is that in showing people the clear financial benefits of installing energy efficiency measures they will choose to implement them for their own financial gain. Of course you can never rule out the possibility that future governments will not use these ratings as a method to raise additional revenue by penalising inefficient homes, however we are assured, (for the mean time) that this is not the case.
To learn more about the European laws and targets that relate to the energy performance of buildings click here.
National perspective
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